目前大家能接触到的刷机ROM，大体可以分分4种，原厂原生ROM、运营商定制ROM、第三方rom以及粗制滥造型ROM。下边小编从其定义、优缺点、适合人群及可能做的优化逐个分析一下。
1、原厂原生ROM:：这个是原厂针对不同地区发布的ROM，由于是原厂发布，其开发团队实力是最强的，对于机器硬件的了解也是最深的，并且有完善的开发流程及测试流程，所以这种ROM是最稳定的。
优点：最为稳定，bug少，损坏硬件可能性最小。
缺点：因为要适合大多数人群，所以应用的覆盖面较广，换句话说，可能有些你并不需要的程序存在。另外为了防止用户误操作，不会授予管理员权限，也就是俗话说的没有root。这样运行一些需要root权限的程序就会受限制，比如钛备份等。
适合人群： 狂热发烧友以外的所有，尤其是新手及只求稳定用机的用户。
下载： 可通过刷机软件刷机（各机型各有不同）
可能的优化： Root，删除自己不需要的一些组件及程序。
2、运营商定制ROM;这种ROM是由运营商为其合约机在原厂ROM基础上定制的，添加了运营商特有的一些东西，比如T版，比如联通版、移动版、电信版，这种ROM也比较稳定。
优点： 稳定，有运营商为其合约用户添加的增值服务。
缺点： 有些运营商尤其是国内运营商基于国家法律，可能对系统进行一些阉割，最明显的例子是电信联通阉割谷歌服务。又或者加入大堆捆绑式的垃圾应用，占用大量手机内存。
适合人群： 除发烧友以外的合约用户。
下载： 运营商官网
可能的优化： Root，删除自己不要的一些组件及程序，自行刷回阉割掉的组件。
3、第三方ROM:：这种ROM是由第三方出于不同目的所开发的ROM，他们以原厂ROM或者类似机型ROM为基础，加以改良或增加实验性功能。其中大家最能耳熟能详的半官方组织是CM团队及MIUI，MIUI不用我多说，其MIUI ROM深度优化UI及添加很多符合国内用户群使用习惯的功能，受到很多机油的热捧。而CM团队以简洁流畅、极度追求运行效率、以及最新版本尝鲜的宗旨推出的cm7(2.x)、cm9(4.0)及cm10(4.1)是目前刷的最多的第三方ROM，其开发团队有着强大的实力，甚至能够超越原厂，MIUI其实很多机型的ROM都是以CM为基础的。
Android的开放性及自由性被他们发挥得淋漓尽致，可以跨系统、跨机型的移植新功能，修正原厂可能出现的bug，挖掘压榨出硬件的最高性能，实现一些原厂不愿实现而对用户及其有用的功能。典型的例子是CM团队将谷歌亲儿子最先升级的系统移植到其他机型，比如现在s3用的cm10(果冻4.1)就是以nexus s的4.1ROM为基础移植而来的，让干儿子们也能提前享受到亲儿子的待遇。再比如中国的DFT团队，他们通过改写底层驱动，让原生系统是wm6.5的hd2用上了android，让一代神机的生命力延续了至少3年，虽然是中国团队，但核心成员是cotulla，一个俄罗斯人，这是一个当之无愧的大神，没有他，就没有hd2 android，有兴趣的机油可以上网搜一下DTF团队的相关报道。
优点： 丰富多彩。你能想象到的，想得到的都能从这些ROM里找到，这也是我认为安卓比IOS要好的理由所在，除了天生框架造成的运行效率差别，IOS是被动接受，水果给你啥你就得用啥，而安卓是自主发挥，只有你想不到，没有做不到的。
缺点：由于对底层的架构熟悉程度远远低于原厂，并且开发团队良莠不齐，除了几个大的开发团队，没有良好的软件开发周期管理及完善的测试，造成第三方ROM的bug大大增加。另外一些实验性功能及对硬件机能的狂热提升，可能会造成系统不稳定甚至损坏硬件。
适合人群： 发烧友或有一定安卓基础的机油，不推荐新手使用。
可能的优化：无
4、粗制滥造型ROM：这种ROM是一些低水平机油在前边3种rom的基础上利用第三方团队提供的ROM制作工具(我们一般称为kitchen，厨房)进行精简、移植等操作而来的，由于这些机油大多对编程并不了解，只是利用工具，甚至连内核脚本都不会写，所以一般rom的稳定性极差，bug多多。最典型的例子是充斥于国内各大论坛的标题为XXXX精简版、XXXXX极致省电流畅版等等。
优点： 真想不出来。
缺点： 太多，没法一一细说了。
适合人群： ROM作者本人或有和他完全相同需求的人群。
下载： 国内各大论坛。
可能的优化： 刷其他ROM。
综上所述，对于新手、合约用户及不喜欢折腾的推荐使用1、2种原生ROM，在潜水足够长时间后对android系统有了大致的了解，可以考虑进行root及精简不用的组件。而对于发烧友及资深机油，第三种是首选，适合折腾。而第4种我是绝对不推荐刷的，会带来各种各样意料之外的问题
Rooting, ClockworkMod and Custom ROMs...an A to Z beginners Guide
Hi all, this thread has been written for the first time modifier who is adventurous enough to want to get the best from their phone, but who is unsure how to proceed.
It has been designed to be easy to understand and be as user friendly as possible.
Before I go any further, it's only fair to state that I am NOT the original author/developer for any of the processes, methods or software contained herein, I will try to give credit where it is due.
Please be aware that these instructions are Galaxy Wonder SPECIFIC, I DO NOT KNOW if they will work on any of the other variants of this phone.
It should be noted that any modifications performed on your phone carry an element of risk. The responsibility for this risk lies with YOU as it is YOU who are CHOOSING to follow these instructions. Neither I nor anybody else mentioned in this post will accept ANY responsibility if you damage your phone by following the instructions detailed below.
Also note that by following these instructions, you WILL be voiding your warranty.....
All the processes detailed below are possible WITHOUT the use of a PC. there is an alternative method for all the processes that uses a PC and a software package called ODIN. People will argue in favour of one method or the other.....My preference is to do everything "in phone" without ODIN.
Before you start any of the listed processes check to see that you have AT LEAST 50% remaining battery power. I'd personally recommend that you fully charge your phone before you start.
Step 1) Rooting
When you Root your phone, you are giving yourself "administrator" rights to your device. you CANNOT move on to the other steps unless you've Rooted your phone.
Please see the thread below (created by THE E) that details a step by step guide (with resources) for rooting your phone.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1317394
The first method detailed in the link is the easiest.
Step 2) installing ClockworkMod
ClockworkMod (CWM) is an advanced piece of software that replaces the pre installed recovery partition on your phone. It allows you to (amongst other things) make NANDROID backups (I will cover this later), factory wipe your phone and install CUSTOM ROMs. the method quoted below was provided to me by IVANKURNIA. You need to install TERMINAL EMULATOR and BUSYBOX (available in the Play Store) in order for this method to work.....
THESE STEPS NEED ROOT & BUSYBOX, BUT DON'T NEED A PC & ODIN..
FOR BEST RESULTS, UPDATE YOUR SUPERUSER.APK, SU BINARY, AND BUSYBOX
Open this link (courtesy of Arco68)..
http://www.mediafire.com/?6wkwiko5gmqhuyr
-download and extract (unzip) the file from the link.
-put the recovery.img file in /mnt/sdcard (internal phone storage. NOT external SD card)
-download "Terminal Emulator" (by Jack) from the Play Store
-open Terminal Emulator then type "su" and click enter
-allow root access..
-then type "dd if=/sdcard/recovery.img of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p13" then click enter (the 0 in mmcblk0p13 is the number NOT the letter).
-then some text will appear at the bottom of the Terminal Emulator panel.
-exit terminal emulator.. check the recovery by turning off the device then turn on with volume up button, home button, and power button pressed together.. until "Galaxy W" screen shows up, release the power button only.. then you will enter CWM
-navigate with up (up) and down (down) vol buttons and home keys (select) and power (back) and click "reboot system now" to reboot
The above method has a proven track record for successful implementation.
Step 3) preparing your phone for CUSTOM ROMs.
When you flash (install) a CUSTOM ROM on your phone, it is necessary to wipe everything (including original Android OS, Apps, SMS messages, call records, contacts etc) from your phone before hand. If you need these on your phone after ROM installation, you have to make copies of them first.
To copy the OS, you will need to create a NANDROID BACKUP....You might ask why this is necessary...simple...If you (for some reason) want/need to go back to the factory installed software, the NANDROID BACKUP is the easiest way to do so.
In order to create it, you need to reboot into recovery (switch the phone off, then switch back on while pressing the power, home and volume up keys, then releasing ONLY the power button when the SAMSUNG logo appears) Use the volume down button to scroll to "backup and restore" and use the home button to select, then on the next screen, select backup.
You will need 800mb or more of free memory to create this backup....any less and it won't complete.
When done, reboot your phone and use your file browser to search for a file called ClockworkMod. If you find it on your external SD card you don't need to do a thing, If you find it in internal storage, you need to "zip" it (minimal compression) and move it to your external SD card, otherwise it'll be deleted during the wipe process prior to installing your custom rom.
To backup your Apps, you'll need to download APPBAK from the play store.
To backup your SMSs, you'll need to download SMS BACKUP AND RESTORE from the play store.
To backup your call logs, you'll need to download CALL LOGS BACKUP AND RESTORE from the play store.
Open each app in turn and use it to create backup files for everything you want to restore. As before, if these files are stored on internal storage, move them to your external SD card to prevent deletion.
CAUTION.....DO NOT attempt to back up app user data (high scores, game progress etc) this data MUST NOT be re installed when you re install your apps.
To create a backup of your contacts, you need to go to your contacts on your phone, press the menu button, select import/export then select export to SD card to create a backup file...again, check for file location and move if necessary.
Make a note of WHERE the backup files are located before you move them. It will probably be a good idea to return them to their original location once you have installed your new ROM. That way when you use the apps to restore your data, the apps will be able to find their respective backup files.
You are now ready to install your CUSTOM ROM.
Step 4) CUSTOM ROM installation
Below is a list of CUSTOM ROMs that will install through CWM.
In this section, you'll see several references to GAPPS. This is an acronym for Google APPS which is a package that contains Google related software such as Play Store etc. Without it, you won't be able to access any of the Google services.
CM9-based ROM:
Aokp-Milestone6-iattilagy (by iattilagy)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1844186
BioHazard v.5 (by hypnos17)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1927428
CyanogenMod 9 BETA (Build 3) (by arco68) (ORIGINAL CM9)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1576874
EHNDROIX ¤ 12.9.13 (by AlessandroXCV)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1850859
InDroiD REMICS V5.1 (by kkrraazzyy)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1842544
MIUI v.4 2.8.10 RC2 (by Alex93917)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1749067
PARANOIDANDROID Ecstacy[RC 2] (by Doomsday94)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1753065
PARANOID ANDROID HYBRID BUILD 2 (by filosofi_killms)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1929027
RemICS v1.5 - SIII look (by sparta20)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1753233
Revamed v.1 STABLE (by droidgeo17)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1892863
Xperia ICE Stable v3.1 (by filosofi_killms)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1863386
Edit.....15/11/12
CM-10 based ROM (jellybean)
At the time of inclusion, this ROM is at Alpha 2 stage, but by all accounts is surprisingly (for alpha 2) bug free, though not completely stable.....yet.
CyanogenMod 10 Alpha 2 (by Arco68)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=1990795
Each of the above links opens the home page for that specific ROM. Most will have installation instructions on the first page. ALL instructions MUST be followed EXACTLY to avoid damaging your phone. some will have a separate "GAPPS" file which needs to be installed as well as the ROM.
Unless otherwise stated in the instructions for the individual ROMs, the method detailed below can be used to install all the ROMs from the links above. You MUST read all the instructions for your chosen ROM in case there are any differences in the installation methods.
-1) download the ROM and GAPPS (if Needed) to your phone/SD card
-2) switch off then reboot your phone into recovery
-3) create your NANDROID BACKUP (if you haven't already done so)
-4) scroll to and select "wipe cache partition"
-5) scroll to and select "advanced" then scroll to and select "wipe dalvik cache"
-6) this is the point of NO RETURN. press the back button then scroll to and select "wipe data/factory reset"
-7) scroll to and select "install zip from sdcard" then "choose zip from sdcard" or "choose zip from external sdcard" depending on where you downloaded the ROM and GAPPS files. you MUST install the ROM FIRST followed by GAPPS (if necessary/not included in the ROM)
-8) press the back button until you see "advanced", select it then select "fix Permissions" (if necessary) then scroll to and select "wipe battery stats"
-9) press the back button and select "reboot system now"
Wait for your phone to boot up. You'll have to set up your phone again like you did when you purchased it and you'll have to sign into your Google account again in order to use the Play Store. Once the setup is complete, download APPBAK, SMS and CALL LOG BACKUP AND RESTORE, and restore your saved backups....
CAUTION......DO NOT restore user data generated by your apps. This will cause instability in your apps and make them force close.....
To restore your contacts, you need to open the newly installed (included in ROM) People app, press the menu button, select import/ export and then import from storage.
.you have now completed the process of modifying your phone.....congratulations and enjoy.....
On step 8 of the installation process, I mentioned 'wiping battery stats'. This is NOT something that is crucial to ROM installation, but it IS something that needs to be done after EVERY new installation. The reason being that your phone will calibrate your battery to your current ROM. When you install a new ROM, it'll have different battery usage patterns. If you don't get rid of the old battery data, you could experience some 'irregularities' in what the phone sees as the percentage of battery use compared to the actual battery use. Once this data has been wiped, you'll need to complete 3 or 4 full charge - full discharge cycles in order to calibrate the battery to the new ROM.....
One final point, none of the above would have been possible without the hard work of developers like Arco68 and the countless others who have given their time so that we can get the best from our phones.........
(All information correct and up to date at time of post creation)
if you liked this post, or it has helped you in any way, please hit thanks
thankyou for reading.....happy flashing
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